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We just participated in some traiblazing research, which got published in Scientific Reports – Nature’s most cited magazine.

Changing crystalline microstructure of iron is crucial for its mechanical properties in the finished product. X-ray diffraction has been an important method in metallurgy, but so far, it could only be done on the sample surface.

Jan Jakubek, together with Daniel Vavrik, Vjaceslav Georgiev, Bohuslav Masek, Ondrej Urban, Jan Sleichrt & Daniel Kytyr from Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics and University of West Bohemia, conducted an experiment: They monitored the crystalline composition of a 1.5 mm thick steel plate while changing its temperature from 25 to 750 °C and back within five minutes. They recorded XRD data using ADVACAM’s fully spectroscopic AdvaPIX detector. Then they compared the data with a mathematical model created by Jan.

The result?

Fitting the model to the data, the authors demonstrated that it is possible to observe microstructural changes within the metallic object volume in real time. They were able to accurately determine the presence of different allotropes (specifically austenite and ferrite) over time with precision better than 1%. A single measurement step can be performed in just 0.05 s. This method can be used for quality control in industry for the manufacturing of high-performance alloys, especially for metallurgical processes such as quenching, annealing, smithery, rolling, casting, etc.

Check the results in the graph or learn more in Scientific Reports.

Upgrade your CT machine and detect cracks, porosity, delamination, and other defects more effectively. Inspect critical areas such as welds or material joints in more detail.

Watch a story how researchers at the CT Research Group of the University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria have now showcased an industrial RX Solutions CT, combined with our WidePIX MPX3 camera. Apart from research projects, they also offer custom inspection of small samples for the public.

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I want similar results

I want similar results

I want similar results

I want similar results

Our detectors offer a variety of imaging methods, such as material-sensitive spectral scan, 2D X-ray imaging, 3D imaging, tomosynthesis, X-ray diffraction, backscattering and many combinations of these. Thanks to the time-delay integration implemented in the WidePIX detectors, the device can be integrated into inline inspection systems inspecting objects for instance on conveyor belts. Even large samples can be scanned without the need to dismantle or cut them.

For samples too large to fit into a standard industrial CT, consider using robotic scanner RadalyX. RadalyX is a flexibile and portabile scanner that offers an inspection solution for practically any size and shape of objects.

Learn more about robotic CT

Revolutionizing nuclear education with NASA-approved technology.

The ADVACAM radiation education kit is a setup of radiation cameras, radioisotope sources, and accessories to better understand nuclear and particle physics. The kit brings the latest CERN technology to classrooms and allows students to discover the invisible world of radiation. The same technology, ADVACAM MiniPIX, is being used by NASA on the International Space Station to monitor dangerous space radiation that the astronauts are exposed to daily.

Engaging hands-on lessons bring radiation concepts to life.

Students can see radioactivity originating from everyday materials and objects such as pieces of granite, ash, or paper bag from vacuum cleaners or face masks visualized on their computer screen.

They can explore variation of the air radioactivity during the day, hunt for cosmic muons and check their directions, see how altitude affects presence of radiation types.

They can try to prepare their own (safe) radioactive source and construct the shielding against the radiation it emits. They can check the laws of radioactive decay. Students can directly observe how different radiation types interact with matter and what happens then.

Standardly observed radiation on Earth creates different patterns due to their different physical nature and interaction with the detector sensor. Cosmic muons create long line tracks through the detector volume; alpha particles create high-energy charge blobs; electrons create zig-zag patterns; and gamma creates individual dots of varied energy.

Check project CERN@school at CERN or IRIS website and examples of experiments for secondary schools here.

Proving radiation monitoring for next-gen satellite internet constellation

The JoeySat project by OneWeb is a crucial innovation in satellite internet technology. The JoeySat, launched in 2023, is a demonstration device that introduces several advanced features to be included in OneWeb’s next generation of satellite internet constellation. It incorporates beam-hopping technology, allowing satellites to switch between Earth locations and adjust signal strength based on customer needs or demand.

JoeySat also houses a high-resolution radiation monitor developed by Advacam. This monitor is designed to detect, classify, and track cosmic rays and space radiation in orbit. As telecommunications satellites are constantly exposed to cosmic rays and space radiation, the ability to accurately monitor and classify radiation is critical. It aids in safeguarding sensitive onboard electronics, optimizing satellite operations, and enhancing the longevity and reliability of these space assets.

JoeySat and the incorporated Advacam technology are part of the Sunrise program, funded by the European Space Agency and the UK Space Agency. The program represents a collaboration between various innovation partners, including SatixFy and OLEDCOMM. As a part of the commercial space industry, Advacam is committed to providing tailor-made solutions for various space applications, conforming to the specific requirements and standards of the industry.

Thanks to their super low power consumption of just around 2 watts and their tiny dimensions, our MiniPIX-based detectors are ready for integration even into the smallest Cubesats.

The Czech Republic has a solid scientific and technological base for space research. The cooperation of scientific workplaces and specialized companies led to the VZLUSAT-2 nanosatellite, designed and constructed at the Czech Aerospace Research Centre.

ADVACAM provided the mission with its state-of-the-art hybrid pixel detector MiniPIX TPX Standard. The VZLUSAT-2 nanosatellite has been successfully integrated into the deployer and launched as a part of the Transporter 3 mission onboard the Falcon 9 launch vehicle. The primary goal of VZLUSAT-2 is to verify technologies for future missions of the upcoming Czech satellite constellation. Among the onboard equipment is also a next generation of instruments which have already been proven on VZLUSAT-1, as well as several gadgets provided by Czech universities and private companies.

To the Moon and other planets! The Gateway Station, an international project led by NASA, is aimed to be the “gateway” to deep space. The aim is to prepare a manned flight to Mars and test new technologies. It will also be used for robotic and manned landings on the surface of the Moon.

ADVACAM and its detectors participate in European Radiation Sensors Array (ERSA) and International Dosimetry Array (IDA).

ERSA complements NASA’s Artemis program, which returns humans to the Moon. ESRA focuses on understanding cosmic and solar rays in unexplored areas as the orbital outpost is assembled around the Moon.

IDA will measure radiation levels coming from the Sun in the form of intense storms of solar energetic particles and galactic cosmic radiation, thought to originate from supernovas. The detection array will be inside the Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO). Measurements from IDA will complement external space radiation data to enable safer and more sustainable deep space exploration.

As an official dealer for NASA, ADVACAM has supplied the agency with dozens of its radiation monitoring solutions over the past decade. Many of these devices are currently active, contributing significantly to the safety of the ISS systems and its crew.

Smaller and lighter than preceding NASA radiation monitoring devices, systems based on Timepix technology are perfect for space exploration missions. The single-photon counting technology, developed originally for CERN’s Large Hadron Collider, enables NASA to collect data regarding the radiation dosage and the precise location of radiation as it hits the detector. NASA scientists can examine the radiation spectrum within exploration spacecraft, enhancing their understanding of how to safeguard the crew during deep space missions.

The initial testing of the Timepix solution on the ISS started in 2012. Timepix USB Lite Interface devices from the Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics in the Czech Republic were utilized for these tests. Five of these miniaturized detectors, each about the size of a USB drive, have been consistently collecting a stream of data relayed daily to the Mission Control Center at Johnson.

ADVACAM, a spin-off company from the Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, delivered its first branded device to the ISS in 2017. ADVACAM’s Miniature Particle Tracker (MPT) was installed on the International Space Station to demonstrate its proficiency in determining the directional characteristics of charged particle energy spectra in space.

Subsequently, ADVACAM became an official supplier for NASA. Several other miniaturized MiniPIX Timepix single-photon counting cameras were certified and delivered to orbit in 2019, launched on the Cygnus NG-12 flight. These devices have been installed in ISS modules, including the US Lab, Cupola, Columbus, JPM, Node 1, and Node 3, as part of the Radiation Environment Monitor 2 (REM2).

Moreover, NASA integrated the customized Timepix technology provided by ADVACAM into the Hybrid Electronic Radiation Assessor (HERA).  The flight spare for this launch collected data and conducted a 30-day comprehensive test aboard ISS in March 2019. Later on, the advanced radiation system was deployed on March 2, 2021, and is currently operational on the ISS. Its ultimate purpose, however, is to function on the upcoming Artemis missions to the Moon and beyond.

This animation depicts data from a Radiation Environment Monitor 2 (REM2) in the Destiny Laboratory of the International Space Station. The map on the left side shows the distribution of dose rates over approximately two months from this unit. The space station location corresponding to the data frame on the right is overlayed on top of the dose rate map. The animation updates approximately every minute along the space station trajectory showing high latitudes, South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), and equatorial areas in the low-Earth orbit radiation environment. The SAA is where the Earth’s inner Van Allen radiation belt comes closest to the Earth’s surface, dipping down to an altitude of 200 kilometers. Video: Courtesy of NASA

NASA incorporates our Timepix chip module into its ambitious Artemis missions, which aim to return humanity to the Moon.

Artemis I, an uncrewed Moon-orbiting mission, was successfully launched on November 16, 2022. The mission’s primary objective was to conduct a Moon flyby, thereby testing the Orion spacecraft, which included NASA’s Hybrid Electronic Radiation Assessor (HERA). The HERA system, a cutting-edge radiation detector designed by NASA and equipped with ADVACAM’s hybrid pixel detector technology, was fully integrated into the spacecraft.

HERA provided onboard analysis and displayed radiation dose rates, linking to an alarm and warning system that activated when a certain dose rate threshold was reached. The Orion spacecraft spent roughly three weeks in space, with six days dedicated to a distant retrograde orbit around the Moon. It came within approximately 130 km of the lunar surface and achieved a maximum distance from Earth of 432,210 km. Our chip-equipped HERA monitor will also be included in future NASA Moon missions Artemis II and beyond.

Thanks to their compact size, ADVACAM detectors are well suitable to be integrated for various space experiments.

Radiation data can be relevant for experiments in many fields, such as biosciences, pharma and tech. The effects of space particles on different materials and components remains still largely undescribed, which is why many companies need to test their products before introducing them to the market.

An excellent example of our MiniPIX SPACE detector used to measure radiation data is integration with Space Application’s International Commercial Experiment Cubes systems. The ICE Cubes are complete sets allowing companies and scientists to perform experiments on the ISS from the ground.

Another of ADVACAM’s partners, Vector Space BioSciences, is set to launch multiple satelites to document the impact of radiation on different biomaterials. The first launch is scheduled for 2025 and will include about 50 Tardigrades along with the Timepix2. Each individual payload will generate high-value data to be further analysed.

Our radiation monitoring cameras can visualize each charged particle that impacts the detector’s surface. Each particle leaves a unique track or imprint, enabling us to determine its composition, spectrum, and direction with our data-processing software. Each particle type has different effects. Some are almost harmless, while others can significantly damage the human body or equipment. The ability of our cameras is unique compared to traditional radiation monitoring devices.

The effectiveness of Timepix detectors in characterizing space radiation and mixed radiation fields has been demonstrated through their use in multiple space missions. These include the International Space Station, the SATRAM payload aboard the ESA Proba-V satellite, VZLUSAT cubesats, and even the Artemis-I mission to the Moon. A Timepix detector was integrated into the HERA Radiation monitor onboard NASA’s Orion spaceship in the latter.

The detectors can quickly identify particle-event types, such as light and heavy charged particles, X-rays, gamma rays, or neutrons. For example, protons usually appear as broad, straight tracks because of their larger mass, while electrons form thin, long, curved tracks. Low-energy electrons register as small tracks, and X-rays appear as minuscule dot-like tracks spanning just a few pixels.

ADVACAM has also developed innovative software solution for real-time particle characterization called the TraX Engine. It allows for versatile and comprehensive analysis of particle data.

Applications: Space

Charged particles from solar flares and coronal ejections can harm astronauts‘ health or induce damaging electrical currents in the spacecraft‘s sensitive electronics. Our miniaturized low-power consumption radiation cameras can help to prevent this damage, as they can track every particle and determine its type, energy, and angle of incidence.

High-energy particles, primarily protons or cosmic rays, can penetrate spacecraft and pose significant health risks to astronauts. Similarly, space weather phenomena can adversely affect the electronics of satellites or space stations.

For these reasons, Space agencies, including NASA and ESA, and our commercial customers have integrated ADVACAM’s radiation monitors into their spacecraft, probes, and satellites.

Furthermore, by identifying each particle’s type, our cameras provide space weather forecasting. The Sun’s lighter and less harmful particles arrive on Earth up to 30 minutes ahead of the heavier, more dangerous ones, providing a valuable window for protective measures to be activated, including shutting down critical onboard systems as required.

Our data-processing software, TraX Engine, was developed in cooperation with ESA to identify the properties of each particle. Possessing the capability to determine the direction of incoming radiation, our detectors play a pivotal role in optimizing protective shielding. Particularly useful when only one side of a vessel can be shielded, they allow for timely adjustments to incoming threats.

Our detectors, with its low power consumption of only roughly 2 watts and weight in the order of tens of grams, are ideally suited for integration for the demanding requirements of the space industry.

 

 

ADVACAM introduces a previously unseen technology for predicting cosmic weather. This technology provides timely warnings against increased solar activity, which can pose risks to the health of astronauts and disrupt the functionality of sensitive onboard electronics in satellites and spacecraft. Now, ADVACAM is bringing a new ambitious dimension on how to use their detectors: aiming to predict so-called cosmic weather and introducing NEW LEVELS of its monitoring.

Our single-photon counting detectors participated in a groundbreaking research project on ultra-high pulse dose rate cancer radiotherapy. This innovative approach might dramatically reduce side effects while maintaining effective tumor control.

The World Health Organization estimates 4.2 million new cancer cases in Europe alone in 2018, with approximately half of the patients receiving radiotherapy. The so-called FLASH effect, observed when radiation doses are delivered quickly via a few ultra-high dose pulses, suggests the potential for more effective tumor control.

However, accurate dosimetry is crucial to ensure safety and effectiveness in radiotherapy, and this is where ADVACAM’s expertise plays an important role. We are focusing on developing methods for characterizing stray radiation, which could contribute to parasitic doses to healthy tissues outside the target volumes. Accurate measurement of this radiation is vital for therapy optimization and personalized dose management.

The research was conducted within the UHDpuse project in cooperation with prestigious international partners.

Our single-photon-counting cameras allow for the creation of detailed X-ray material-sensitive images that reveal the internal composition of various food items, including fruits, vegetables, and grains.

ADVACAM‘s technology enables fast real-time inspection of qualities typically hidden to the naked eye. For example, sprouts – an indicator of potential growth – can be clearly identified in a detailed X-ray of a tomato seed. If these sprouts are absent, it suggests that the seed is unlikely to germinate.

Our imaging technology also allows for early detection and characterization of crop yield. For instance, as a cereal plant develops, X-ray imaging can reveal the ear grains even when they are still growing through the stem and not visible externally. Individual ears and the prospective number of grains can be predicted, allowing for early yield estimation – a critical factor in plant breeding.

It is possible to view various types of food through their packaging using non-destructive testing and thus monitor quality.

 

Our cameras provide real-time, high-speed X-ray videos of live inner organs, revealing intricate details like a rodent’s heartbeat.

Leveraging the unique capabilities of our advanced imaging cameras, we offer real-time visualization of dynamic processes within organs and tissues. Our cameras’ exceptional speed enables capturing thousands of X-ray-sensitive images per second, creating high-speed X-ray videos of live inner organs and tissues.

This technology allows for incredible detail, such as observing a rodent’s heart’s blood flow. Additionally, our method can monitor the movement of contrast agents within the body in real-time, providing invaluable insights into dynamic organ functions, including the kidneys, brain, muscles, and joints.

Our innovative imaging cameras employ advanced technology for enhanced clarity and detail in extensive tissue sample analysis.

Our devices employ a unique blend of absorption imaging and phase contrast enhancement, allowing clear visualization of specific details in large tissue samples.

We have demonstrated this technology’s power by imaging a deflated mouse lung sample. Traditional imaging techniques struggled to differentiate between the granular structure of alveoli and other lung structures. Our advanced system, however, can distinguish alveoli and different tissue types and structures.

Our high-contrast X-ray system fine-tunes the X-ray beam spectrum and detector energy sensitivity levels to generate detailed images. This technology is a potent tool for tissue analysis, revealing features typically hidden due to low contrast, thereby revolutionizing the study of lung microstructures.

Spectral radiography can be extended to 3D using computed tomography. This makes it possible to recognize different types of tissue in natural form. This level of information can be beneficial for cancer treatment research, as it gives better data for irradiation planning.

Photon counting detectors excel in bio-imaging due to their high sensitivity and dynamic range.

The high sensitivity of photon counting detectors makes them helpful in imaging low X-ray attenuating light objects, such as tissue. Thus, these detectors are ideal for bio-related applications. High dynamic range reveals features in samples that remain hidden from other types of X-ray imaging detectors. Moreover, the structure of the model can be visualized thanks to the spectral sensitivity of the device. Only specific structures can be highlighted, and other ones can be suppressed.

ADVACAM detectors are being tested as a method to improve head cancer ion beam irradiation. The new device Beam TraX allows treatment of a smaller tissue volume, which can help reduce negative side effects.

The tests focus on patients with tumors near the base of the skull. This area is challenging to access for irradiation due to the proximity of essential structures like the brainstem. This device called Beam TraX measures secondary radiation emitted from the patient, and based on this data, scientists understand what kind of matter is being irradiated.

So far, doctors had to rely on previously done CT scans. However, the situation inside the patient’s head can change during the therapy. The new device is meant to allow a better understanding of where and how often these changes occur. With its use, doctors can save healthy tissue from irradiation and apply higher doses to the tumor.

The presence of detectors does not affect the existing therapy. It can help prevent side effects such as memory or optic nerve damage.

The InViMo clinical trials are being conducted by scientists from the German National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) at Heidelberg University Hospital.

A newly developed robotic device called ThyroPIX could help to more accurately map the distribution of radioactive iodine in the detection and treatment of thyroid tumors. It uses a particle camera to precisely locate where and how the radiopharmaceutical acts.

The aim of the Thyropix project was to develop a unique medical device that will improve the possibilities of monitoring the effect of radiopharmaceuticals and minimize their possible side effects.

The ThyroPIX uses a robotic arm to get closer to the thyroid and can capture it more accurately and always in the same way during repeated examinations. At the heart of the device are particle cameras manufactured by ADVACAM.

It uses Compton scattering to determine the direction and energy of each individual incoming particle of ionizing radiation. In this way, it is possible to obtain detailed information on the size and shape of thyroid residues, thus verifying the distribution of therapeutic activity in the patient’s body.

Our energy-sensitive spectral X-ray cameras facilitate color radiography images, visualizing different materials within your sample. Our multichannel imaging can be employed for cutting-edge real-time ore quality identification on operational conveyor belts in mines.

Our material-sensitive imaging detectors can be calibrated to exhibit sensitivity toward specific chemical elements or compounds, which can be harnessed for ore quality identification. This confirms the presence of valuable metals, such as copper, iron, or zinc, in ore samples.

This approach offers unique applications in the mining industry. With the time-delayed integration mode (TDI), our cameras can help sort the ore by quality on fast-moving conveyor belts in real time. The TDI mode captures images of moving objects at low radiation intensity levels. The architecture of the detector read-out-chip allows a shift of the pixel matrix along columns. Shifts are synchronous with the object’s movement. TDI mode is used together with multi-energy X-ray imaging.

As part of the European Union Horizont 2020 X-MINE project, a high-resolution, high-speed X-ray camera designed for large scans and conveyor belts was developed and tested under extreme, real-world mining conditions. The ore is sorted right after X-Ray inspection on the conveyor belt moving beneath the camera at speeds of up to 5m/s. This method ensures that only valuable rocks containing significant amounts of ore are processed while the rest of the material is removed from further processing.

The microstructure and the ore decomposition within the inspected sample rock are also visualized. It plays a significant role in proper mineral identification. The rock’s granularity, crystal orientation, and veins can be specified.

This solution is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly, as it reduces the energy and chemicals needed for further ore processing. This approach led to approximately 20% savings in water, chemicals, energy, waste, and overall costs in actual mine conditions.

Applications: Material Analysis

Our energy-sensitive X-ray cameras enable color radiography images to visualize different materials in your sample. Our multichannel imaging can be utilized for circuit board inspection, ore quality identification, and numerous other applications.

Do you need to determine the material composition of your sample? Minerals, alloys, polymers, electronics, batteries, or pigments? Our cameras are based on cutting-edge single X-ray photon counting sensors, and each detected photon is processed individually. This approach also allows measuring the wavelength of photons. It brings unprecedented image quality and new possibilities, such as material-sensitive X-ray imaging.

In the image, there is an FPGA circuit board visualized by our material-sensitive X-ray technology compared to a traditional grayscale X-Ray image. The yellow color identifies the solder; tantalum capacitors are pink, and many other colors regarding other present materials.

Imagine the ability to create detailed maps of ore distribution within a piece of rock in almost real time. Now, envision pinpointing the precise locations of valuable substances such as gold, silver, zinc, or copper, not just on the surface but throughout the entire volume of the mineral. This is precisely what our cutting-edge X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) solutions can achieve.

Our advanced single-particle counting cameras, combined with energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) technology, allow for rapid scanning of the entire volume of a mineral sample within milliseconds. For example, a point in a 5 mm thick piece of rock can be examined in just 10 milliseconds.

Rapid mineral mapping significantly reduces the time required for sample analysis, leading to substantial cost savings and faster decision-making in exploration and mining operations. Thanks to this approach, we can differentiate for example valuable Zn+Pb compounds from invaluable waste.

Quenching alters the inner structure of a metal, leading to improved mechanical properties. Inspecting a quenched material with X-ray diffraction can provide valuable information about the effectiveness of the process, the presence of different phases, residual stresses, and crystallographic textures, helping to optimize material properties.

Traditional X-ray Diffraction methods employed for quenching inspection use low-energy monochromatic X-rays that cannot penetrate the sample volume. This way, just the sample surface is inspected. To inspect the material’s volume, harder X-ray radiation is necessary. Utilizing our energy-sensitive detectors, we can measure the X-ray wavelength, eliminating the need for monochromatic X-rays. Through software post-processing, a diffractogram image of the entire volume can be generated. Simultaneously, our method is approximately 100 times faster, as it takes advantage of the full spectrum.

In the context of quenching or weld inspection, we can determine the crystallographic structure of the metallic sample throughout its entire depth. XRD can identify various phases present in the quenched material, such as retained austenite, martensite, or precipitates, allowing for an assessment of the quenching process’s effectiveness and optimization of heat treatment parameters. Quenching can induce preferred orientations or “textures” within the material’s crystal structure. XRD can characterize these textures, significantly impacting the material’s mechanical properties and performance.

Achieve speed, precision and accuracy with full spectra XRF analysis on every pixel.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a vital non-destructive analytical technique applied in various fields for determining the elemental composition of materials. X-ray fluorescence detection uses a primary X-ray source to excite the atoms within a sample. This excitation causes the atoms to emit fluorescent (or secondary) X-rays. The emitted X-rays are specific to each element present in the sample, akin to a unique fingerprint for that element.

ADVACAM’s Timepix 3 cameras with Si or CdTe sensor allow the measurement of full spectra for each pixel. Measured spectra can then be analyzed, and particular elements can be separated according to their X-ray fluorescence energies. For instance, this approach is demonstrated on the sample of a printed circuit board, where the components are very well spatially separated. Similarly, the method was proven to be able to distinguish metals contained in a rock. The suitability for Real-Time Mineral X-Ray Analysis was proved within the EU Horizon 2020 X-MINE project.

X-ray diffraction is an analytical method based on the inspection of the crystalline structure of samples. Applications can be found in metallurgy, mineralogy powders, pigments, polymers surface layers, or strain mapping. Our spectral imaging detector is the key to the next level of material analysis.

The traditional XRD uses monochromatic X-rays, which make the apparatus large and slow. ADVACAM’s spectral camera, based on a Timepix3 chip with high resolution, makes it fast and compact. Instead of taking a single diffraction image accumulating all X-ray energies (wavelengths) as performed in the traditional XRD apparatus, we record about 150 images at once. One picture for each energy channel. Due to this enhancement, the system operates at a speed two orders of magnitude faster than conventional XRD systems.

The high-resolution detector can be placed close to the sample covering a large solid angle, leading to fast data accumulation. Moreover, our cameras can handle a broad energy range (3 – 150 keV). Therefore, even heavy samples such as stainless steel, heavy metals, and minerals, can be transmitted.